The Appraisal Of Whole Foods - 993 Words

Competitive Asset Analysis The appraisal of Whole Foods Markets competitive resources and capabilities yields a clear explanation as to why their currently known as the industry leader of organic foods sales. Those assets discussed separately below will help guide future strategic recommendations. Resource - Tangible Assets: †¢ Financial: WFM has amassed nearly $900 million in cash cash equilivents. With liquid assets of such magnitude, WFM is in a unique position to enhance it’s growth. †¢ Physical - Food Processing/Distribution: WFM has built their brand on providing quality foods; driving this quailty is made possible by a variety of different physical product producing and distributing locations. Those include: four seafood processing and distribution facilities, a specialty coffee and tea procurement and roasting opreation, 11 regional perishable foods distribution centers, three regional commisary kitchens, and five regional bakeries. †¢ Physical - Store Locations: WFM has strategically aligned their store front locations in idyllic locations, prime for capturing the target market. Substantial analysis is done before committing to any one location and surrounding populations must prove to be educated on the benefits of organic products before investments are made. †¢ Organizational Commitment: The Local Producer Loan Program enables WFM to support local producers by supplying them with low-interest loans. This program not only builds upon the core community values,Show MoreRelatedMcdonalds Appraisal System1345 Words   |  6 PagesMcDonalds Appraisal System Question 1 amp; 2: McDonalds use a 360 degree appraisal system (Ward 1995) where all the information on performance and feedback is derived from a number of stakeholders within the company. The existence of an appraisal program indicates to an employee that the organisation is genuinely interested in their individual performance and development. This alone can have a positive influence on the individual’s sense of worth, commitment and belonging. McDonald s introducesRead MoreCase Study : Whole Foods Market1370 Words   |  6 Pages Performance Mangement-4013 Assignment Title: Whole Foods Market Report by: Kiranpal Mann Student #: c0645417 Date: 1st March 2016 Table of contentsRead MoreThe Law Exists For The Society From Getting Hurt By Bill Gander1611 Words   |  7 Pagessoft drinks from a food vendor. †¢ Luke bit into the last remnants of his pie and found it very crunchy. †¢ Bill looked into the pie and was horrified to find a dead beetle lodged in it. †¢ Bill and Luke became physically ill and had to leave the game and they missed the second half of the game. The facts that are irrelevant in the scenario: †¢ Bill Gander took his son Luke to a football match one Saturday afternoon. †¢ They were hungry when they arrived at the football ground. †¢ The food vendor was a friendRead MoreLeader s Name : Min Yi Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pagesowner of the Legend of Szechuan Restaurant: Min Yi, in the restaurant, Min Yi acting like a manager; she is mainly responsible for managing the order of the staff and the kitchen, moreover, she also supervise the quality of all food. As a service industry, the quality of food and staff performance is very important for the survival of the restaurant. In the interview, Min Yi talked about value of her employees: â€Å"The vision of the Legend of Szechuan is to offer quality products and services of internationalRead MoreCase Study : The Real Estate Industry1657 Words   |  7 Pagesand is related to the human nature and survival. As a human being, survival depends on food, water, shelter, and sleep. Therefore, I am not surprised Maslow claimed the first tier of needs must be fulfilled before one can fulfil the next. Good management will aim to fulfill the lower tier needs as quickly and efficiently as possible. Actually look at society as a whole, the war torn nations deprived of food, shelter and water are unstable, and crime rates are high. Whether leading a nation orRead MoreThe Whole Foods Culture Is Premised On Decentralized Teamwork869 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Whole Foods culture is premised on decentralized teamwork† which is supported by collaboration and furthered by communication (Fishman, 1996, para . 7). However, collaboration, teamwork and communication do not work in the absence of trust. Accordingly, Whole Foods looks to create an environment in which employees trust one another and the organization as a whole. Whole Foods created their culture to oppose the usual bureaucratic style which is mistrusted by many. Instead, Whole Foods reliesRead MoreRetail Industry in India1379 Words   |  6 Pagesto provide more value added services like stocking ready to cook vegetables and other fresh produce. Whereas, the organized sector has helped in promoting several niche categories such as packaged fruit juices, hair cremes, convinience and health foods which are generally not found in kirana stores. Its important to throw light on two major topics that are important to Indian Retail Industry, (considering the invasion by international marketers) which are Training and Development and PerformanceRead MoreWhat Are Construction Projects?1476 Words   |  6 Pagesstage, the project need is confirmed and the project manager is selected. The project team is also given project, environmental and building information modelling mandates. This stage wraps up with a decision by the clients to move on to a detailed appraisal of the development practicability. The pre-design phase has the significance of understanding the clients’ needs. ‘Feasibility’ is the stage coming after, it is when the clients establish their objectives and review options that help accomplishRead MoreThe Evolution Of Personnel Management Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pagesfries and hamburgers to offer by this food chain and slowly and slow they started their franchises in other part of the world this became one of the famous food chains in America and there was management for the hiring firing and looking after the employees. IT was the store which provide low wage to employee and every unskilled labor can get job there. The employees just have to learn how to make fries and hamburgers and they have to make same burger and fries whole day and night. But with time the laborRead MoreIntroduction:. Dunkin Donuts Is An American Worldwide1638 Words   |  7 Pagesthat runs 24 hours needs more employees Training and Performance Appraisals: Worker assessment can conceivably tackle one of the real issues in running a fast food. Fast food eateries ordinarily encounter high turnover rates – some turnover appraisals float around 100 percent or more. While some turnover may be inferable from the way of the work, for example, low wages and incapable authority, representatives who work for fast food eateries by and large need the same kind of input, direction, and

Cosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For...

People have created the modern technical methods to serve the beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty over the time and changing the perception of beauty. Not only nature beauty brings criterion for beauty definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve the appearance. The statistics in Medical News Today shows that â€Å"approximately 65,000 surgical cosmetic procedures were performed in 2008 in the UK - 50% more than 2003.† Additionally, the official statistics of cosmetic surgery in the U.S. was far more popular. In 2007, there were a total of 1,435,444 of surgical cosmetic procedures. A number of non-surgical cosmetic procedures were 7,113,914, which were higher than the number of surgical cosmetic procedures. In 2014, about 15,622,866 non-surgical cosmetic procedures were opera ted which increased doubled in seven years. The figures point that more and more people come to elective plastic surgery to achieve the level of perfect beauty. So why have these figures that growth? Despite knowing the risks latent in surgical elective plastic procedures, people are having more and more elective plastic surgeries because the obsession with beautiful body image, social criticism because being ugly, and addicted to elective plastic surgery. Many people have misunderstood about cosmeticShow MoreRelatedCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty1552 Words   |  7 Pages People have created the modern technical methods to serve the beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only nature beauty brings criterion for beauty definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve the appearance. The statistics in MedicalRead MoreCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty1579 Words   |  7 Pages People have created modern technical methods to serve the beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only does natural beauty bring criterion for beauty’s definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve their appearance. In a report from MedicalRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Plastic Surgery Essay599 Words   |  3 Pagestalent takes a backseat to beauty under most circumstances. With the economy rising, cosmetic surgery is becoming more widely available, before it was the rich and the famous who had the ability to surgically enhance their features. However as it becomes much more culturally acceptable, and readily available, there have been many more problems concerning it. Is it justifiable to change your appearance? Is it becoming addictive? Is it changing our perspective of beauty? All these questions and moreRead MorePlastic Surgery Is All Over The Media1453 Words   |  6 PagesThese days, plastic surgery is all over the media. Top stars and celebrities have touted it as the means of achieving physical perfection. Due to this influence, it has become accepted and indeed prevalent in the society today. Its rapid commonplace has been facilitated by the coming of non-invasive procedures such as Botox. In 2007 alone, the American Society of Aesthetic Surgery reported that approximately 13.3 billion dollars were spent on plastic surgery, which was a 17% inc rease over the previousRead MoreCosmetic Surgery: A Risky and Costly Procedure1355 Words   |  6 PagesIf one is considering cosmetic surgery I suggest reconsidering. Research shows cosmetic surgery can be a risky and costly procedure. Society is pressuring people to look more attractive. Media shows actors to be flawless and the public feels that one should be compared to these actors. Cosmetic surgery is becoming more popular is today’s culture. People are turning to cosmetic surgery for many reasons, some of them are not healthy. Why do people go to such dangerous measures to look more attractiveRead MoreDangers of Plastic Surgery1512 Words   |  7 PagesUgly trend Society has always valued beauty. In literature,  ­attractiveness often symbolizes an admirable protagonist, while ugliness indicates the abominable antagonist. As children we are taught, without even realizing it, to prize beauty. People of every race and culture have gone to extremes in the name of beauty – from foot-binding in China, to dangerously constricting corsets in Victorian times, to nose jobs in 800 B.C. India. While plastic surgery has been around since ancient times, itRead MoreThe Little Mermaid For Example1632 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves more attractive. Adorning jewelry, clothing hairstyles, and beauty products in the effort to heighten our beauty has been practiced and even celebrated by women for centuries. However, with more technologies and advancements the world has entered into a new enhancement: Cosmetic Surgery. The question that I pose is: Why? Why is it that this â€Å"body-changing culture† has enveloped the female world? Beliefs of beauty are so deeply engrained into our culture and society, and from a youngRead MorePlastic Surgery Ethics Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesPlastic surgery is a rapidly evolving field spread around the world. Plastic surgery deals with human appearance and is becoming a more profitable business throughout the years. It is divided into two sections, reconstructive and cosmetic surgery. An ethical dilemma that corresponds to plastic surgery is the loss of human values patients encounter once they undergo surgery. Also, individuals that depend on cosmetic surgery detract from patients that are in urgent need of these procedures. The replacementRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : An Increase Worldwide Trend3793 Words   |  16 PagesCosmetic surgery is an increasing worldwide trend amongst a significant number of adults in the 21st century. As technology advances more rapidly than ever, the opportunity for people to undergo surgery enabling them to look younger and healthier become s more readily accessible to the masses. From the more common Botox treatments to breast augmentation surgeries and rhinoplasties, every year up to 15 million people around the world have opted to undergo certain cosmetic procedures in order to enhanceRead MoreTeenagers and Cosmetic Surgery2278 Words   |  10 PagesSince the year 2007, 1,339,229 cosmetic surgeries have been performed on the age group of 13-19. In a world where people are judged by their physical appearance, it is common for teenagers to be uncomfortable with their bodies. As a way of conforming to society’s image of physical perfection, more and more teenagers are turning to cosmetic surgery as a solution. The purpose for this paper is to make the problems of teenagers having cosmetic surgery, in order to physically change themselves to Cosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For... People have created modern technical methods to serve the beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only does natural beauty bring criterion for beauty’s definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve their appearance. In a report from Medical News Today, Christian Nordqvist showed that approximately 65,000 surgical cosmetic procedures were performed in 2008 in the UK - 50% more than 2003. Additionally, the official statistics of cosmetic surgery in the U.S. was far more popular. In 2007, there were a total of 1,435,444 surgical cosmetic procedures. The number of non-surgical cosmetic procedures was 7,113,914, which were higher than the number of surgical cosmetic procedures. In 2014, about 15,622,866 non-surgical cosmet ic procedures were performed, which doubled in seven years. The figures pointed out that more and more people try elective plastic surgery to achieve the level of perfect beauty. So why have these figures growth? Despite knowing the hidden risks in surgical elective plastic procedures, people are getting more and more elective plastic surgeries because of their obsession with having a beautiful body image, social criticism because of being ugly, and they are addicted to elective plastic surgery. ManyShow MoreRelatedCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty987 Words   |  4 Pagesthe beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty over the time and changing the perception of beauty. Not only nature beauty brings criterion for beauty definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve the appearance. The statistics in Medical News Today shows that â€Å"approximately 65,000 surgical cosmetic proceduresRead MoreCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty1552 Words   |  7 Pages People have created the modern technical methods to serve the beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only nature beauty brings criterion for beauty definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve the appearance. The statistics in MedicalRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Plastic Surgery Essay599 Words   |  3 Pagestalent takes a backseat to beauty under most circumstances. With the economy rising, cosmetic surgery is becoming more widely available, before it was the rich and the famous who had the ability to surgically enhance their features. However as it becomes much more culturally acceptable, and readily available, there have been many more problems concerning it. Is it justifiable to change your appearance? Is it becoming addictive? Is it changing our perspective of beauty? All these questions and moreRead MorePlastic Surgery Is All Over The Media1453 Words   |  6 PagesThese days, plastic surgery is all over the media. Top stars and celebrities have touted it as the means of achieving physical perfection. Due to this influence, it has become accepted and indeed prevalent in the society today. Its rapid commonplace has been facilitated by the coming of non-invasive procedures such as Botox. In 2007 alone, the American Society of Aesthetic Surgery reported that approximately 13.3 billion dollars were spent on plastic surgery, which was a 17% inc rease over the previousRead MoreCosmetic Surgery: A Risky and Costly Procedure1355 Words   |  6 PagesIf one is considering cosmetic surgery I suggest reconsidering. Research shows cosmetic surgery can be a risky and costly procedure. Society is pressuring people to look more attractive. Media shows actors to be flawless and the public feels that one should be compared to these actors. Cosmetic surgery is becoming more popular is today’s culture. People are turning to cosmetic surgery for many reasons, some of them are not healthy. Why do people go to such dangerous measures to look more attractiveRead MoreDangers of Plastic Surgery1512 Words   |  7 PagesUgly trend Society has always valued beauty. In literature,  ­attractiveness often symbolizes an admirable protagonist, while ugliness indicates the abominable antagonist. As children we are taught, without even realizing it, to prize beauty. People of every race and culture have gone to extremes in the name of beauty – from foot-binding in China, to dangerously constricting corsets in Victorian times, to nose jobs in 800 B.C. India. While plastic surgery has been around since ancient times, itRead MoreThe Little Mermaid For Example1632 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves more attractive. Adorning jewelry, clothing hairstyles, and beauty products in the effort to heighten our beauty has been practiced and even celebrated by women for centuries. However, with more technologies and advancements the world has entered into a new enhancement: Cosmetic Surgery. The question that I pose is: Why? Why is it that this â€Å"body-changing culture† has enveloped the female world? Beliefs of beauty are so deeply engrained into our culture and society, and from a youngRead MorePlastic Surgery Ethics Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesPlastic surgery is a rapidly evolving field spread around the world. Plastic surgery deals with human appearance and is becoming a more profitable business throughout the years. It is divided into two sections, reconstructive and cosmetic surgery. An ethical dilemma that corresponds to plastic surgery is the loss of human values patients encounter once they undergo surgery. Also, individuals that depend on cosmetic surgery detract from patients that are in urgent need of these procedures. The replacementRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : An Increase Worldwide Trend3793 Words   |  16 PagesCosmetic surgery is an increasing worldwide trend amongst a significant number of adults in the 21st century. As technology advances more rapidly than ever, the opportunity for people to undergo surgery enabling them to look younger and healthier become s more readily accessible to the masses. From the more common Botox treatments to breast augmentation surgeries and rhinoplasties, every year up to 15 million people around the world have opted to undergo certain cosmetic procedures in order to enhanceRead MoreTeenagers and Cosmetic Surgery2278 Words   |  10 PagesSince the year 2007, 1,339,229 cosmetic surgeries have been performed on the age group of 13-19. In a world where people are judged by their physical appearance, it is common for teenagers to be uncomfortable with their bodies. As a way of conforming to society’s image of physical perfection, more and more teenagers are turning to cosmetic surgery as a solution. The purpose for this paper is to make the problems of teenagers having cosmetic surgery, in order to physically change themselves to Cosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For... People have created the modern technical methods to serve the beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only nature beauty brings criterion for beauty definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve the appearance. The statistics in Medical News Today showed that â€Å"approximately 65,000 surgical cosmetic procedures were performed in 2008 in the UK - 50% more than 2003.† Additionally, the official statistics of cosmetic surgery in the U.S. was far more popular. In 2007, there were a total of 1,435,444 of surgical cosmetic procedures. A number of non-surgical cosmetic procedures were 7,113,914, which were higher than the number of surgical cosmetic procedures. In 2014, about 15,622,866 non-surgical cosmetic procedures we re performed, which increased doubled in seven years. The figures pointed that more and more people come to elective plastic surgery to achieve the level of perfect beauty. So why have these figures that growth? Despite knowing the hidden risks in surgical elective plastic procedures, people are getting more and more elective plastic surgeries because the obsession with beautiful body image, social criticism because being ugly, and addicted to elective plastic surgery. Many people have misunderstood aboutShow MoreRelatedCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty987 Words   |  4 Pagesthe beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty over the time and changing the perception of beauty. Not only nature beauty brings criterion for beauty definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve the appearance. The statistics in Medical News Today shows that â€Å"approximately 65,000 surgical cosmetic proceduresRead MoreCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty1579 Words   |  7 Pages People have created modern technical methods to serve the beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only does natural beauty bring criterion for beauty’s definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve their appearance. In a report from MedicalRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Plastic Surgery Essay599 Words   |  3 Pagestalent takes a backseat to beauty under most circumstances. With the economy rising, cosmetic surgery is becoming more widely available, before it was the rich and the famous who had the ability to surgically enhance their features. However as it becomes much more culturally acceptable, and readily available, there have been many more problems concerning it. Is it justifiable to change your appearance? Is it becoming addictive? Is it changing our perspective of beauty? All these questions and moreRead MorePlastic Surgery Is All Over The Media1453 Words   |  6 PagesThese days, plastic surgery is all over the media. Top stars and celebrities have touted it as the means of achieving physical perfection. Due to this influence, it has become accepted and indeed prevalent in the society today. Its rapid commonplace has been facilitated by the coming of non-invasive procedures such as Botox. In 2007 alone, the American Society of Aesthetic Surgery reported that approximately 13.3 billion dollars were spent on plastic surgery, which was a 17% inc rease over the previousRead MoreCosmetic Surgery: A Risky and Costly Procedure1355 Words   |  6 PagesIf one is considering cosmetic surgery I suggest reconsidering. Research shows cosmetic surgery can be a risky and costly procedure. Society is pressuring people to look more attractive. Media shows actors to be flawless and the public feels that one should be compared to these actors. Cosmetic surgery is becoming more popular is today’s culture. People are turning to cosmetic surgery for many reasons, some of them are not healthy. Why do people go to such dangerous measures to look more attractiveRead MoreDangers of Plastic Surgery1512 Words   |  7 PagesUgly trend Society has always valued beauty. In literature,  ­attractiveness often symbolizes an admirable protagonist, while ugliness indicates the abominable antagonist. As children we are taught, without even realizing it, to prize beauty. People of every race and culture have gone to extremes in the name of beauty – from foot-binding in China, to dangerously constricting corsets in Victorian times, to nose jobs in 800 B.C. India. While plastic surgery has been around since ancient times, itRead MoreThe Little Mermaid For Example1632 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves more attractive. Adorning jewelry, clothing hairstyles, and beauty products in the effort to heighten our beauty has been practiced and even celebrated by women for centuries. However, with more technologies and advancements the world has entered into a new enhancement: Cosmetic Surgery. The question that I pose is: Why? Why is it that this â€Å"body-changing culture† has enveloped the female world? Beliefs of beauty are so deeply engrained into our culture and society, and from a youngRead MorePlastic Surgery Ethics Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesPlastic surgery is a rapidly evolving field spread around the world. Plastic surgery deals with human appearance and is becoming a more profitable business throughout the years. It is divided into two sections, reconstructive and cosmetic surgery. An ethical dilemma that corresponds to plastic surgery is the loss of human values patients encounter once they undergo surgery. Also, individuals that depend on cosmetic surgery detract from patients that are in urgent need of these procedures. The replacementRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : An Increase Worldwide Trend3793 Words   |  16 PagesCosmetic surgery is an increasing worldwide trend amongst a significant number of adults in the 21st century. As technology advances more rapidly than ever, the opportunity for people to undergo surgery enabling them to look younger and healthier become s more readily accessible to the masses. From the more common Botox treatments to breast augmentation surgeries and rhinoplasties, every year up to 15 million people around the world have opted to undergo certain cosmetic procedures in order to enhanceRead MoreTeenagers and Cosmetic Surgery2278 Words   |  10 PagesSince the year 2007, 1,339,229 cosmetic surgeries have been performed on the age group of 13-19. In a world where people are judged by their physical appearance, it is common for teenagers to be uncomfortable with their bodies. As a way of conforming to society’s image of physical perfection, more and more teenagers are turning to cosmetic surgery as a solution. The purpose for this paper is to make the problems of teenagers having cosmetic surgery, in order to physically change themselves to

Chemistry CAPE syllabus free essay sample

The Caribbean Examinations Council offers three types of certification. The first is the award of a certificate showing each CAPE Unit completed. The second is the CAPE diploma, awarded to candidates who have satisfactorily completed at least six Units, including Caribbean Studies. The third is the CAPE Associate Degree, awarded for the satisfactory completion of a prescribed cluster of seven CAPE Units including Caribbean Studies and Communication Studies. For the CAPE diploma and the CAPE Associate Degree, candidates must complete the cluster of required Units within a maximum period of five years. Recognised educational institutions presenting candidates for CAPE Associate Degree in one of the nine categories must, on registering these candidates at the start of the qualifying year, have them confirm in the required form, the Associate Degree they wish to be awarded. Candidates will not be awarded any possible alternatives for which they did not apply. CXC A11/U2/06 T Chemistry Syllabus ?RATIONALE S cience plays a major role in the evolution of knowledge. It empowers us to use creative and independent approaches to problem solving. It arouses our natural curiosity and enables us to meet diverse, and ever expanding, challenges. It enhances our ability to inquire, seek answers, research and interpret data. These skills lead to the construction of theories and laws that help us to explain natural phenomena and exercise control over our environment. Science is, thus, an integral component of a balanced education. The most important natural resource in the Caribbean is its people. If the Caribbean is to play an important role in the new global village and survive economically, a sustained development of the scientific and technological resources of its people is essential. This CAPE syllabus is, therefore, designed to provide a coherent course of study which addresses, in addition to a specific knowledge base, the development of related skills and attitudes. The syllabus takes into account the requirements for tertiary education at regional and international institutions. The syllabus is structured in such a way as to ensure that students become aware of their moral, social, and ethical responsibilities, as well as the benefits intrinsic to the practical application of scientific knowledge to careers in the scientific field. Chemical principles are currently applied to societal concerns, such as, birth control, communicable diseases, environmental pollution and depletion of natural resources. As such, chemistry is a major area of scientific study which impinges on and influences every facet of our daily lives the food we eat, the clothes we wear, our health, environment and recreational activities. Chemistry is, therefore, a fundamental science, that should be included as a part of our science education. ?AIMS The syllabus aims to enable students to: 1. Acquire the knowledge and understanding of chemical principles so as to be suitably prepared for employment and for further studies at the tertiary level; 2. develop the ability to communicate chemical information derived from the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; CXC A11/U2/06 1 3. appreciate, understand and use the scientific method in the solving of problems; 4. develop good laboratory skills and practise safety measures when using equipment and chemicals as well as the safe disposal of chemical waste; 5. apply chemical knowledge to everyday life situations; 6. Appreciate that some of the advances in the field of chemistry are the results of the contributions from scientists in other disciplines; 7. further develop the spirit of inquiry in order to continue the search for new ways in which the resources of our environment can be used in a sustainable way; 8. recognise that advances in chemistry are constantly influenced by technological, economic, social, cultural and ethical factors; 9. recognise the power, impact and influence which chemistry has in a modern scientific world; 10. contribute to making the Caribbean numerate and scientifically literate. The skills, students are expected to have developed on completion of this syllabus, have been grouped under three main headings, namely: (i) (ii) (iii) Knowledge and Comprehension; Use of Knowledge; Experimental Skills. Knowledge and Comprehension (KC) Knowledge The ability to identify, remember and grasp the meaning of basic facts, concepts and principles. Comprehension The ability to select appropriate ideas, match, compare and cite examples and principles in familiar situations. Use o f K no w l e d g e ( U K ) Application The ability to:   use facts, concepts, principles and procedures in familiar and in novel situations; transform data accurately and appropriately; CXC A11/U2/06 2 Analysis and Interpretation use formulae accurately for computational purposes. The ability to: identify causal factors and show how they interact with each other; infer, predict and draw conclusions; Synthesis identify and recognise the component parts of a whole and interpret the relationship among those parts; make necessary and accurate calculations and recognise the limitations and assumptions involved. The ability to:   Evaluation combine component parts to form a new and meaningful whole; make predictions and solve problems. The ability to: make reasoned judgements and recommendations based on the value of ideas and information and their implications. Exp e r i m e n t a l S k i l l s ( X S ) Observation, Recording and Reporting The ability to: select and use appropriate formats and presentations, such as tables, graphs and diagrams; organise and present a complete report in a clear and logical form using spelling, punctuation and grammar with an accep table degree of accuracy;   report accurately and concisely. The ability to: CXC A11/U2/06 record the results of a measurement accurately; Manipulation and Measurement use the senses to perceive objects and events accurately; handle chemicals carefully and use them economically; 3 Planning and Designing appropriately prepare materials for observation or investigation; assemble and use simple apparatus and measuring instruments. The ability to: recognise the problem and formulate valid hypotheses; choose appropriate experimental methods and sampling techniques; choose appropriate apparatus;  plan and execute experimental procedures in a logical and sequential form within the time allotted; use controls where appropriate; modify experimental methods after initial work or unexpected outcomes. ?PRE-REQUISITES OF THE SYLLABUS Any person with a good grasp of the Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate (CSEC) Chemistry and Mathematics syllabuses, or the equivalent, should be able to pursue the course of study defined by this syllabus. Howe ver, successful participation in the course of study will also depend on the possession of good verbal and written communication skills. This syllabus is arranged into TWO Units, each made up of three Modules. Whilst each Module in each Unit is independent, together they form a coherent course of study which should prepare candidates for the world of work and studies at the tertiary level. Unit 1: Chemical Principles and Applications I Unit 1 is expected to be covered in 150 hours, and consists of three Modules, each requiring approximately 50 contact hours. This Unit is structured as follows: Module 1 Module 2 Module 3 CXC A11/U2/06 Fundamentals in Chemistry Kinetics and Equilibria Chemistry of the Elements 4 Unit 2: Chemical Principles and Applications II Unit 2 is expected to be covered in 150 hours, and consists of three Modules, each requiring approximately 50 contact hours. This Unit is structured as follows: Module 1 Module 2 Module 3 The Chemistry of Carbon Compounds Analytical Methods and Separation Techniques Industry and the Environment The syllabus is arranged into two (2) Units, Unit 1 which will lay foundations, and Unit 2 which expands on, and applies, the concepts formulated in Unit 1. It is, therefore, recommended that Unit 2 be taken after satisfactory completion of Unit 1 or a similar course. Each Unit will be certified separately. For each Module there are general and specific objectives. The general and specific objectives indicate the scope of the content, including practical work, on which the examination will be based. However, unfamiliar situations may be presented as stimulus material in a question. Explanatory notes are provided to the right of some specific objectives. These notes provide further guidance to teachers as to the level of detail required. The single underlining of a specific objective and its explanatory notes, indicate those areas of the syllabus that are suitable for practical work. However, practical work should not necessarily be limited to these objectives. It is recommended that of the approximately 50 contact hours suggested for each Module, a minimum of about 20 contact hours be spent on laboratory related-activities, such as conducting experiments, making field trips and viewing audio-visual materials. CXC A11/U2/06 5 ?UNIT 1: CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS I MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS IN CHEMISTRY GENERAL OBJECTIVES On completion of this Module, students should: 1. understand that theories in chemistry are subject to change; Understand the theory of atoms as a useful construct that explains the structure and behaviour of matter, and the impact of nuclear chemistry on society; 3. understand the development of the periodic table for the classification of elements; 4. appreciate that the forces of attraction between particles influence the properties and behaviour of matter; 5. understand the mole concept; 6. understand redox reactions; 7. appreciate that equilibrium concepts can be applied to chemical systems; 8. understand the kinetic theory; 9. understand concepts associated with energy changes; 10.  develop the ability to perform calculations involving energy changes. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 1. EXPLANATORY NOTES Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Students should be able to: 1. 1 discuss the process of theoretical change with respect to Daltons atomic theory; CXC A11/U2/06 Mention the criteria that are considered when theories are accepted, for example, fit between evidence and theoretical constructs, reliability and accuracy of data, replicability of experiments, consensus within the scientific community, societal factors. 6 UNIT 1 MODULE 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table (cont’d) 1. 2 describe the structure of the atom; 1. 3 define the following terms: (i) mass number; (ii) Simple treatment; properties of protons, neutrons and electrons only, their relative masses and charges, location and their behaviour in electric and magnetic fields. isotopes; (iii) relative atomic and isotopic masses based on the scale. 1. 4 explain the phenomenon of radioactivity; 1. 5 cite the use of radioisotopes; 1. 6 calculate the relative atomic mass of an element, given isotopic masses and abundances; 1. 7 explain how data from emission spectra  provide evidence for discrete energy levels within the atom; Bohr model, the emission spectrum of hydrogen; Lyman series, Balmer series; ? E or dE = h?. 1. 8 describe the atomic orbitals; Principal quantum numbers, s, p and d orbitals; relative energies of 4s and 3d orbitals. 1. 9 describe the shapes of the s and p orbitals; CXC A11/U2/06 Write equations representing nuclear reactio ns involving , and ? emissions; n/p ratio. Positrons(r) are not required. 7 UNIT 1 MODULE 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table (cont’d) 1. 10  determine the electronic configurations of atoms and ions in terms of s, p and d orbitals; Consider elements from atomic numbers 1 to 30. 1. 11 state the factors which influence the first ionisation energy of elements; Include atomic radii, nuclear charge, shielding. 1. 12 explain how ionisation energy data provide evidence for sub-shells; Period 3. 1. 13 derive the electronic configuration of an element from data on successive ionisation energies. 2. Forces of Attraction Students should be able to: 2. 1 state the various forces of attraction between particles; 2. 2 state the relationship between forces of Attraction and states of matter; 2. 3 relate physical properties of differences in strength of attraction; 2. 4 explain the formation of the following: Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, metallic bonds, Van der Waals forces. (i) metallic bonds. CXC A11/U2/06 Variation in melting points, boiling points and solubilities. Covalent bonds should be discussed in terms of orbital overlap which results in the formation of sigma (? ) and pi (? ) bonds. Metallic bonding is to be treated as a lattice of positive ions surrounded by mobile electrons. Electronegativity and polarity of bonds should be included.

Essay On The Renaissance And Discovery Period Example For Students

Essay On The Renaissance And Discovery Period Renaissance and Discovery I The Renaissance in Italy A. The renaissance was the period when people began to adopt a rational and statistical approach to reality and rediscovered the worth and creativity of the individual. Most scholars agree that the Renaissance (which means rebirth in French) was a transition from medieval to modern times. Before the change, Europe was a fragmented feudal society with an agricultural economy with a church who dominated their thoughts and culture. Once the change happened, Europe was a growing nation, an urban economy, and people had new opinions on thought, ultra, and religion. The Italian Renaissance began with the deaths of Patriarch (the father of humanism) and Biochip (author of the Decadence). With that, the Florentine humanist culture spread through Italy and into northern Europe. Scholars considered civic humanism describe the coalescence of humanism and civic reform. 1. The Renaissance first shaped up within the merchant cities of late medieval Italy. Italy had a cultural advantage over the rest of Europe because it had a natural gateway between East and West. Once commerce revived on a large scale, their recreants quickly mastered the business skills in organization, book keeping, scouting new markets, and securing monopolies. The trade-rich cities became powerful city-states and dominated the political and economic life around the area. The endemic warfare spawned assisted the growth of Italian cities and urban culture. The factions might have subdued the cities as they permitted each other to concentrate on. Instead, they decided to weaken each other which strengthened the merchant oligarchies of the cities. Unlike cities which were dominated by kings and princes, the Italian cities remained free to expand their own. Five major, competitive states evolved: the duchy of Milan, the republics of Florence and Venice, the Papal States, and the kingdom of Naples. Social strife and competition for political power intensified that most evolved into despotisms in order to survive. Florence was the best example of social division and anarchy. Four social groups existed within the city; the old rich, or grand, the nobles, and merchants who ruled the city. In the late 13th and early 14th centuries they began to challenge the old rich for political power. In 1457 about 30,000 people were officially considered paupers, which meant having o wealth at all. These divisions caused conflict to every level of society which added to fear of foreign intrigue. True stability did not return until the ascent to power of the Florentine banker and statesman in 1434. Medici was the wealthiest Florentine and natural statesman who controlled the city internally behind the scenes, manipulating the constitution and influencing elections. A council which was known as the Signori governed the city, these men were chosen from the most powerful guilds representing the major clothing industries, or other groups like bankers, judges, and doctors. Medici was able to keep councilors loyal to him in the Signori. His grandson Lorenz the Magnificent ruled Florence in almost totalitarian fashion during the last chaotic quarter of the 15th century. To prevent internal social conflict strongmen or despots. Their purpose was to maintain law and order. Since despots couldnt count on the loyalty of the populace, they worked through mercenary armies through military brokers known as conditioner. Not only was a despot subject to dismissal by oligarchies which hired him, but he was also a popular object of assassination attempts. Most city-states ambassadors not only represented them in ceremonies and negotiations, but became their watchful eyes and ears at rival courts. Such widespread support occurred because of the main requirement for patronage of the arts and letters was what Italian cities had in abundance:great wealth. 2. Some scholars believe humanists were the champions of Catholic Christianity, opposed to the pagan teachings of Aristotle and the Scholasticism his writings nurtured. To others, it was a neutral form of historical scholarship adopted to promote above all sense of responsibility and political liberty. Humanism was the study of the Latin and Greek classics and the ancient Church Fathers for its own sake and in hope of reviving respect ancient norms and values. The Florentine Leonardo Bruin gave the name humanists to the learning that resulted from scholarly pursuits. Bruin was a star student of Manuel Chrysalis, the Byzantine scholar who opened the world of Greek scholarship to humanists when he taught in Florence. The first humanists were orators and poets who wrote original literature in classical and vernacular languages inspired by and modeled on the newly discovered works of the ancients. The study of classical and Christian antiquity existed before the Italian Renaissance. These precedents only partially compared with the achievements of the Italian Renaissance of the 14th/1 5th centuries. Unlike their Scholastic rivals, humanists were less bound to recent tradition; nor did they focus their attention on summarizing and comparing the views of recognized authorities. Italian humanists made the full riches of Greek and Latin antiquity available to contemporary scholars. Patriarch was the father of humanism. He was involved in a popular revolt in Rome and served the Viscount family in Milan. The American RenaissanceThe peace that the Treaty of Load made possible ended in 1494 when Naples threatened Milan. Ludicrous made made a fatal response to these political alignments by appealing to the French for aid. Breaking an Italian rule, he invited the French to re-enter Italy and revive their dynastic claim to Naples. He hadnt noticed that France also had dynastic claims to Milan or how there would be more French territory once they encamped in Italy. 2. The French king Louis XSL resisted the temptation to invade Italy while keeping French dynastic claims in Italy alive. Such appeasement only brought about Piers exile by a citizenry that was revolutionized by a radical Dominican preacher (Savonarola). Savonarola convinced the fearful Florentine that the French kings arrival was a long-delayed and fully Justified divine vengeance on their immorality. This allowed Charles to enter Florence without resistance. N the end, the Florentine proved not to be the stuff theocracies are made of. After the Italian cities reunited and ousted the French invader, Savonarola days were numbered. Eventually he was imprisoned and executed. Ludicrous IL Moor desired a French invasion only so long as it weakened his enemies, he saw events created by himself which threatened Milan. In reaction, he Joined the League of Venice which was strong enough to send Charles into retreat and end the menace he posed to Italy. 3. The French returned to Italy under Charlies successor, Louis XII. Probably the cost corrupt pope who ever sat on the papal throne, he openly promoted the poli tical careers of Cesar and Lecturer Barrio. In Roman the popes ally within the League of Venice continued to contest the Papal States for their loyalty. Seeing that French alliance would allow him to reestablish control, Alexander secured French favor. He annulled Louis Xis marriage to Charles Vics sister so he could marry Charlies widow (Anne of Brittany). Most important Alexander agreed to abandon the League of Venice. In exchange, Cesar Barrio received the sister of the king of Invader. Cesar also received land grants from Louis XII and the promise of French military aid in Roman. All was a scandalous trade-off that made it possible for the French king and the pope to realize their ambitions within Italy. In 1500 Louis and Ferdinand of Argon divided Naples between them and the pop and Cesar Barrio conquered the cities of Roman without opposition. Alexander victorious son was given the title duke of Roman. 4. Cardinal Giuliani Della Revere succeeded Alexander VI as Pope Julius II. Julius raised the Renaissance papacy to its peak of military prowess and diplomatic intrigue, gaining him the title of warrior pope. This humorous account purported to describe the popes unsuccessful efforts to convince Saint Peter that he was worthy of secured the Papal States. Realizing this long sought papal goal, he turned to the second major undertaking of his pontificate: ridding Italy of his former ally, the French invader. The French were nothing besides persistent. They invaded Italy a third time under Louses successor, Francis l. The victory won the Concordat of Bologna fro m the pope in August 1516. This concordat helped keep France Catholic after the outbreak of the Protestant Reformation, but the new French entry into Italy set the stage for the first of four major wars with Spain in the first half of the sixteenth century. 5. The foreign invasions made shambles out of Italy. Machiavelli was more convinced through the more he saw. He became the Italian political unity and independence were ends which Justified any means. Machiavelli was impressed by the way Roman rulers and citizens defended their homeland. They possessed the ability to act decisively and heroically for the good of their country. Such antagonizing of the Roman past exaggerated both ancient virtue and contemporary failings. He also held republican ideals which he didnt want to vanish from Italy. He believed a strong and determined people could struggle successfully with fortune. He scolded the Italian people for the self-destruction their own internal feuding was causing. He wanted an end to that behavior so a reunited Italy could drive all foreign armies out. Its been argued that he wrote The Prince as a cynical satire on the way rulers behave and not as a serious recommendation of unprincipled despotic rule. But Machiavelli seems to have been in earnest when he advised rulers to discover the advantages of fraud and brutality. He apparently hoped to see a strong ruler emerge from the Medici family which had captured the papacy with the pontificate. At the same time, they retained control over the powerful territorial state in Florence. The Prince was pointedly dedicated to Lorenz De Medici, duke of Robin, and grandson of Lorenz the Magnificent. The second Medici pope watched helplessly as the army of Emperor Charles V sacked Rome was also the year of Machiavellian death.